The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances

Urea, 2 - thio -


RTECS #: YU2800000

CAS #: 62-56-6

UPDATE: August 2003 MW: 76.13 MF: CH4N2S


NOTE:

TABLE OF CONTENTS:
  1. SYNONYMS:
  2. SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA:
  3. MUTATION DATA:
  4. REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA:
  5. TUMORIGENIC DATA:
  6. ACUTE TOXICITY DATA:
  7. OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA:
  8. REVIEWS:
  9. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:
  10. NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:
  11. STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:
  12. REFERENCES:

SYNONYMS:

  1. Tsizp 34
  2. Isothiourea
  3. Pseudothiourea
  4. RCRA waste number U219
  5. Sulourea
  6. Thiocarbamide
  7. Thiocarbonic acid diamide
  8. Thiomocovina (Czech)
  1. beta - Thiopseudourea
  2. 2 - Thiopseudourea
  3. Thiourea
  4. 2 - Thiourea
  5. THU
  6. Urea, thio - (8CI)
  7. USAF EK - 497


SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
eye
rabbit 		14% GTPZAB 30(3),42,1986


MUTATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

SYSTEM TEST ROUTE/
ORGANISM/
TISSUE 		DOSE REFERENCE
DNA adduct Escherichia coli 20 µmol/L MUREAV 89,95,1981
DNA damage rat liver 30 mmol/L SinJF# 26OCT1982
DNA inhibition human fibroblast 60 mmol/L MUREAV 183,89,1987
DNA inhibition human lymphocyte 20 mmol/L PNASA6 79,1171,1982
DNA inhibition human HeLa cell 140 mmol/L CRNGDP 13,2389,1992
DNA repair Escherichia coli 329 mmol/L MUREAV 272,145,1992
unscheduled DNA synthesis rat liver 10 mmol/L CNREA8 42,3010,1982
host-mediated assay mouse
Salmonella typhimurium 		125 mg/kg JJIND8 62,911,1979
mutation in microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium 150 µg/plate (+enzymatic activation step) ABCHA6 44,3017,1980
mutation in microorganisms Saccharomyes cerevisiae 52,600 µmol/L (-enzymatic activation step) MGGEAE 174,39,1979
mutation in mammalian somatic cells hamster lung 10 mmol/L ARTODN 58,5,1985
mutation in mammalian somatic cells mouse lymphocyte 18 mmol/L MUTAEX 3,193,1988
morphological transform hamster embryo 100 µg/L IJCNAW 19,642,1977
morphological transform hamster embryo 100 µg/L JJIND8 67,1303,1981
morphological transform rat embryo 100 mg/L JJIND8 67,1303,1981


REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
oral
domestic animal 		lowest published toxic dose: 9 gm/kg (90 day male) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)

Reproductive: Other effects on male 		THGNBO 25,263,1986
oral
hamster 		lowest published toxic dose: 22,400 mg/kg (10 week prior to copulation) Reproductive: Maternal effects: Uterus, cervix, vagina

Reproductive: Other effects on female 		BIREBV 36,719,1987
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 1 gm/kg (10 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) TJADAB 23,335,1981
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 240 mg/kg (12 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system 		TJADAB 13,263,1976
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1 gm/kg (12 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) TJADAB 23,335,1981
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,400 mg/kg (16-22 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Endocrine system AMASA4 32,271,1975
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 4,800 mg/kg (17-22 day pregnant/10 day after birth) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) TJADAB 31,57A,1985


TUMORIGENIC DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
multiple
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 151 gm/kg/52 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Eye: Tumors

Ear: Tumors 		CNREA8 17,302,1957
multiple
rat 		toxic dose : 179 gm/kg/1 year- intermittent Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Skin and Appendages: Tumors 		CNREA8 14,494,1954
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 78 gm/kg/56 week- continuous Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Eye: Tumors

Ear: Tumors 		CNREA8 17,302,1957
oral
rat 		toxic dose : 18 gm/kg/2 year- continuous Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria

Liver: Tumors 		SCIEAS 108,626,1948
oral
rat 		toxic dose : 40 gm/kg/2 year- continuous Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Liver: Tumors 		SCIEAS 108,626,1948
oral
rat 		toxic dose : 1,950 mg/kg/2 year- continuous Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Liver: Multiple effects

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes 		TXAPA9 11,88,1967
oral
rat 		toxic dose : 90 gm/kg/1 year- intermittent Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Endocrine: Thyroid tumors 		BJEPA5 28,46,1947


ACUTE TOXICITY DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
intraperitoneal
mammal (species unspecified) 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3,500 mg/kg N/R GTPZAB 30(3),42,1986
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 100 mg/kg N/R NTIS** AD277-689
intraperitoneal
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 436 mg/kg N/R FCTXAV 3,597,1965
oral
mammal (species unspecified) 		lowest published lethal dose: 1 gm/kg N/R GTPZAB 30(3),42,1986
oral
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 125 mg/kg N/R HBTXAC 5,177,1959
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 4 mg/kg Endocrine: Evidence of thyroid hypofunction BIJOAK 47,77,1950
oral
rabbit 		lowest published lethal dose: 6,985 mg/kg N/R HBTXAC 5,177,1959
oral
woman 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,660 mg/kg/5 week Blood: Hemorrhage

Blood: Granulocytopenia

Blood: Changes in cell count (unspecified) 		LANCAO 246,179,1944
subcutaneous
frog 		lowest published lethal dose: 10 gm/kg N/R HBTXAC 5,177,1959
subcutaneous
guinea pig 		lowest published lethal dose: 4 gm/kg N/R HBTXAC 5,177,1959
unreported route
man 		lowest published lethal dose: 147 mg/kg N/R 85DCAI 2,73,1970


OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 25 mg/m3/17 week- intermittent Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay)

Endocrine: Evidence of thyroid hypofunction

Related to Chronic Data: Changes in prostate weight 		GTPZAB 30(3),42,1986
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 47,200 µg/m3/39 week- intermittent Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Emphysema

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Chronic pulmonary edema or congestion

Endocrine: Changes in thyroid weight 		GTPZAB 16(6),51,1972
oral
domestic animal 		lowest published toxic dose: 4,500 mg/kg/90 day- intermittent Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Liver: Fatty liver degeneration

Endocrine: Evidence of thyroid hypofunction 		IVEJAC 69,111,1992
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 2,550 mg/kg/5 week- continuous Endocrine: Changes in thyroid weight JPETAB 97,349,1949


REVIEWS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Animal Limited Evidence IMEMDT 79,-,2000
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Human Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT 79,-,2000
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Human No Adequate Data IMEMDT 79,-,2000
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Group 3 IMEMDT 79,-,2000
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
85CVA2 5,250,1970
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
TOLED5 128,117,2002


STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
Occupational Exposure Limit - AUSTRIA Suspected Carcinogen, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - FINLAND Carcinogen, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - FRANCE Carcinogen, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - GERMANY Carcinogen, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - RUSSIA short term exposure limit 0.3 mg/m3, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWEDEN Carcinogen, JAN1999


NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD or SURVEY
REFERENCE
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974: Hazard Code: 82272;
Number of Industries 29;
Total Number of Facilities 1,179;
Number of Occupations 25;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 12,517
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983: Hazard Code: 82272;
Number of Industries 50;
Total Number of Facilities 2,999;
Number of Occupations 57;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 37,571;
Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 10,969


STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:

ORGANIZATION
REFERENCE
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Carcinogenicity-mouse/rat; Cell transform.-SA7/F344 rat
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: SHE-clonal assay; Cell transform.-RLV F344 rat embryo
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Host-mediated assay
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: Cell transform.-SA7/SHE; E coli polA with S9
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: Histidine reversion-Ames test; Sperm morphology-mouse
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: S cerevisiae-homozygosis
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Inconclusive: E coli polA without S9
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NTP 10th Report on Carcinogens,2000:Reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen


REFERENCES:

CODEN
REFERENCE
85CVA2 "Oncology 1970, Proceedings of the Tenth International Cancer Congress," Chicago, Year Book Medical Pub., 1971
85DCAI "Poisoning; Toxicology, Symptoms, Treatments," 2nd ed., Arena, J.M., Springfield, IL, C.C. Thomas, 1970
ABCHA6 Agricultural and Biological Chemistry. (Maruzen Co. Ltd., POB 5050, Tokyo International, Tokyo 100-31, Japan) V.25- 1961-
AMASA4 Acta Medica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae. (Budapest, Hungary) V.1-39, 1950-82.
ARTODN Archives of Toxicology. (Springer-Verlag, Heidelberger Pl. 3, D-1000 Berlin 33, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.32- 1974-
BIJOAK Biochemical Journal. (Biochemical Soc. Book Depot, POB 32, Commerce Way, Colchester, Essex CO2 8HP, UK) V.1- 1906-
BIREBV Biology of Reproduction. (Soc. for the Study of Reproduction, 309 W. Clark St., Champaign, IL 61820) V.1- 1969-
BJEPA5 British Journal of Experimental Pathology. (Blackwell Scientific Pub. Ltd., POB 88, Oxford, UK) V.1- 1920-
CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 1941-
CRNGDP Carcinogenesis (London). (Oxford Univ. Press, Pinkhill House, Southfield Road, Eynsham, Oxford OX8 1JJ, UK) V.1- 1980-
FCTXAV Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. (London, UK) V.1-19, 1963-81. For publisher information, see FCTOD7.
GTPZAB Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1-36, 1957-1992. For publisher information, see MTPEEI
HBTXAC "Handbook of Toxicology," 4 vols., Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Co., 1956-59
IJCNAW International Journal of Cancer. (International Union Against Cancer, 3 rue du Conseil- General, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland) V.1- 1966-
IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972-
IVEJAC Indian Veterinary Journal. (Dr. R. Krishnamurti, G.M.V.C., 8 Avenue Rd., Madras 600 034, India) V.1- 1924-
JJIND8 JNCI, Journal of the National Cancer Institute. (Washington, DC) V.61-79, 1978-87. For publisher information, see JNCIEQ.
JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams & Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10-
LANCAO Lancet. (7 Adam St., London WC2N 6AD, UK) V.1- 1823-
MGGEAE Molecular and General Genetics. (Springer-Verlag, Heidelberger Pl. 3, D-1000 Berlin 33, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.99- 1967-
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964-
MUTAEX Mutagenesis. (Oxford Univ. Press, Pinkhill House, Southfield Road, Eynsham, Oxford OX8 1JJ, UK) V.1- 1986-
NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information.
PNASA6 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. (National Academy of Sciences, Printing & Pub. Office, 2101 Constitution Ave., Washington, DC 20418) V.1- 1915-
SCIEAS Science. (American Assoc. for the Advancement of Science, 1333 H St., NW, Washington, DC 20005) V.1- 1895-
SinJF# Personal Communication from J.F. Sina, Merck Institute for Therapeutic Research, West Point, PA 19486, Oct. 26, 1982
THGNBO Theriogenology. (Geron-X, Inc., P.O. Box 1108, Los Altos, CA 94022) V.1- 1974-
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
TOLED5 Toxicology Letters. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1977-
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959-




RTECS Compound Description:
   Agricultural Chemical
   Tumorigen
   Drug
   Mutagen
   Reproductive Effector
   Human Data
   Primary Irritant