The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances

Formamide


RTECS #: LQ0525000

CAS #: 75-12-7

UPDATE: November 2004 MW: 45.05 MF: CH3NO


NOTE:

TABLE OF CONTENTS:
  1. SYNONYMS:
  2. SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA:
  3. MUTATION DATA:
  4. REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA:
  5. ACUTE TOXICITY DATA:
  6. OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA:
  7. REVIEWS:
  8. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:
  9. NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:
  10. STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:
  11. REFERENCES:

SYNONYMS:

  1. Amid kyseliny mravenci (Czech)
  2. Carbamaldehyde
  3. Formamide (ACGIH)
  1. Methanamide
  2. Methanoic acid, amide
  3. Formimidic acid


SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
eye
rabbit 		100 mg severe AJOPAA 29,1363,1946


MUTATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

SYSTEM TEST ROUTE/
ORGANISM/
TISSUE 		DOSE REFERENCE
cytogenetic analysis non-mammalian species other cell types 500 mmol/L CAANAT 56,712,1972
other mutation test systems non-mammalian species other cell types 500 mmol/L CAANAT 56,712,1972


REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 200 mg/kg (multigeneration)) Reproductive: Maternal effects: Menstrual cycle changes or disorders

Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth)

Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Other measures of fertility 		TOXID9 13,76,1993
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 6.8 gm/kg (7 day male/7 day prior to copulation/21 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth)

Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Other measures of fertility 		NTIS** #PB93-109213
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 6.8 gm/kg (7 day prior to copulation/21 day pregnant) Reproductive: Maternal effects: Menstrual cycle changes or disorders

Reproductive: Maternal effects: Parturition 		NTIS** #PB93-109213
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 195 mg/kg (multigenerations) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) 		NTIS** #PB93-109213
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 14.6 gm/kg (91 day male) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct CRTXB2 31,139,2001
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 2 gm/kg (7 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) 		85DJA5 -,95,1971
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 7,980 mg/kg (7-12 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue)

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system 		85DJA5 -,95,1971
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1.4 gm/kg (6-19 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) NTIS** #PB99-139701
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 14.6 gm/kg (91 day male) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct CRTXB2 31,139,2001
oral
rabbit 		lowest published toxic dose: 910 mg/kg (6-18 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system 		ARZNAD 30,1557,1980
oral
rabbit 		lowest published toxic dose: 2.88 gm/kg (6-29 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Abortion

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Stillbirth 		NTIS** #PB2001-104060
oral
rabbit 		lowest published toxic dose: 3.36 gm/kg (6-29 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) NTIS** #PB2001-104060
oral
rabbit 		lowest published toxic dose: 805 mg/kg (6-29 day pregnant) Reproductive: Other effects on female

Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Abortion 		TOSCF2 69,165,2002
oral
rabbit 		lowest published toxic dose: 3,220 mg/kg (6-29 day pregnant) Reproductive: Other effects on female

Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Abortion

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death 		TOSCF2 69,165,2002
skin
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,200 mg/kg (10-11 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death TXAPA9 41,35,1977


TUMORIGENIC DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
N/R
 N/R N/R N/R


ACUTE TOXICITY DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
rat 		lethal concentration (50 percent kill): >3,900 ppm/6 hour N/R NTIS** OTS0528421
intraperitoneal
guinea pig 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1,250 mg/kg Autonomic Nervous System: Other (direct) parasympathomimetic

Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold 		TPKVAL 9,163,1967
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 2,450 mg/kg N/R AEPPAE 230,559,1957
intraperitoneal
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 5,700 mg/kg N/R TXAPA9 26,596,1973
intravenous
dog 		lowest published lethal dose: 1,500 mg/kg N/R HBAMAK 4,1289,1935
oral
mammal (species unspecified) 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3,150 mg/kg N/R GISAAA 39(4),86,1974
oral
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3,150 mg/kg N/R TPKVAL 11,86,1969
oral
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 5,577 mg/kg Autonomic Nervous System: Other (direct) parasympathomimetic

Behavioral: Ataxia

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Incontinence 		TPKVAL 9,163,1967
subcutaneous
frog 		lowest published lethal dose: 30 mg/kg N/R HBAMAK 4,1289,1935
subcutaneous
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): >4 gm/kg N/R APEPA2 257,296,1967
skin
rat 		lethal dose : >13,500 mg/kg N/R PJPPAA 32,223,1980
skin
rabbit 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 17 gm/kg N/R NTIS** OTS0528421
unreported route
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3 gm/kg N/R EXPEAM 29,225,1973


OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 1,500 ppm/6 hour/2 week- intermittent Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count

Blood: Changes in platelet count

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		FAATDF 13,702,1989
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 910 mg/kg/26 week- intermittent Brain and Coverings: Recordings from specific areas of CNS

Liver: Liver function tests impaired

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Proteinuria 		GISAAA 52(3),72,1987
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 3,500 mg/kg/14 day- intermittent Behavioral: Food intake (animal)

Behavioral: Fluid intake

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field 		NTIS** #PB99-139701
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 800 mg/kg/4 day- intermittent Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain NTIS** #PB99-139701
oral
rabbit 		lowest published toxic dose: 2,880 mg/kg/24 day- intermittent Gastrointestinal: Decreased motility or constipation NTIS** #PB2001-104060
oral
rabbit 		lowest published toxic dose: 910 mg/kg/13 day- intermittent Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain NTIS** #PB99-139701
oral
rabbit 		lowest published toxic dose: 840 mg/kg/7 day- intermittent Behavioral: Food intake (animal) NTIS** #PB99-139701
oral
rabbit 		lowest published toxic dose: 805 mg/kg/23 day- intermittent Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field TOSCF2 69,165,2002
skin
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 27 gm/kg/90 day- intermittent Blood: Pigmented or nucleated red blood cells

Skin: After systemic exposure: Dermatitis, other

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field 		NTIS** OTS0535890


REVIEWS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value time-weighted average 10 ppm (skin) DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
CRTXB2 31,139,2001


STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
Occupational Exposure Limit - AUSTRALIA time-weighted average 10 ppm (15 mg/m3), Skin, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - BELGIUM time-weighted average 10 ppm (18 mg/m3), Skin, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - FINLAND time-weighted average 20 ppm (37 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 30 ppm (55 mg/m3), Skin, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - FRANCE VME 20 ppm (30 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - NORWAY time-weighted average 10 ppm (18 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - RUSSIA short term exposure limit 3 mg/m3, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWITZERLAND MAK- week 10 ppm (18 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - THE NETHERLANDS MAC-TGG 16 mg/m3, 2003
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value;

time-weighted average 10 ppm (skin)
Occupational Exposure Limit IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value
time-weighted average 10 ppm (skin)


NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD or SURVEY
REFERENCE
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO FORMAMIDE-air 10 hour time-weighted average 10 ppm (Sk) NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974: Hazard Code: 84454;
Number of Industries 6;
Total Number of Facilities 227;
Number of Occupations 14;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 3,195
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983: Hazard Code: 84454;
Number of Industries 3;
Total Number of Facilities 42;
Number of Occupations 5;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 2,724;
Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 556


STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:

ORGANIZATION
REFERENCE
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: Cell transform.-RLV F344 rat embryo
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA 8(a) PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT INFORMATION, FINAL RULE FEREAC 47,26992,82
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NTP Carcinogenesis studies; selected, October 2000
NTP Carcinogenesis studies; test completed (peer review), October 2000


REFERENCES:

CODEN
REFERENCE
85DJA5 "Malformations Congenitales des Mammiferes," Tuchmann-Duplessis, H., Paris, Masson et Cie, 1971
AEPPAE Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. (Berlin, Ger.) V.110-253, 1925-66. For publisher information, see NSAPCC.
AJOPAA American Journal of Ophthalmology. (Ophthalmic Pub. Co., 435 N. Michigan Ave., Suite 1415, Chicago, IL 60611) Series 3: V.1- 1918-
APEPA2 Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Archiv fuer Pharmakologie und Experimentelle Pathologie. (Berlin, Ger.) V.254-263, 1966-69. For publisher information, see NSAPCC.
ARZNAD Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. (Editio Cantor Verlag, Postfach 1255, W-7960 Aulendorf, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1- 1951-
CAANAT Comptes Rendus de l'Association des Anatomistes. (Nancy, France) V.1-56, 1899-1972. For publisher information, see ANOBAU.
CRTXB2 CRC Critical Reviews in Toxicology. (CRC Press, Inc., 2000 Corporate Blvd., NW, Boca Raton, FL 33431) V.1- 1971-
DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996
EXPEAM Experientia. (Birkhaeuser Verlag, POB 133, CH-4010 Basel, Switzerland) V.1- 1945-
FAATDF Fundamental and Applied Toxicology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1-40, 1981-97. For publisher information, see TOSCF2
FEREAC Federal Register. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) V.1- 1936-
GISAAA Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1936-
HBAMAK "Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." (Leipzig, Ger. Dem. Rep.)
NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda.
NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information.
PJPPAA Polish Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacy. (ARS Polona, POB 1001, 00-068 Warsaw 1, Poland) V.25-44, 1973-92. For publisher information, see PJPAE3
TOSCF2 Toxicological Sciences (Oxford University Press, 6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando, FL 32887 ) V. 41, Jan. 1998-
TOXID9 Toxicologist. (Soc. of Toxicology, Inc., 475 Wolf Ledge Parkway, Akron, OH 44311) V.1- 1981-
TPKVAL Toksikologiya Novykh Promyshlennykh Khimicheskikh Veshchestv. Toxicology of New Industrial Chemical Substances. For English translation, see TNICS*. (Izdatel'stvo Meditsina, Moscow, USSR) No.1- 1961-
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959-




RTECS Compound Description:
   Tumorigen
   Mutagen
   Reproductive Effector
   Primary Irritant